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Model fit was assessed by inspection of the overdispersion parameter, the model deviance as well as patterns and magnitude of the residuals.
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Hair colour showed a highly significant association for all skin tumours, both considering model deviance when entering it as a multi-category variable (P-values: 0.0035 for CMM, 0.0027 for BCC and 0.0071 for SCC) or considering P-values for linear trend when entering it as an interval variable (Table 3).
Each model was compared with a standard model of lifetime cumulative exposure by means of a likelihood ratio test (LRT); the difference between model deviances, described as an LRT statistic, can be interpreted using a chi-square distribution with degrees of freedom (df) equal to the difference in the numbers of model parameters.
Model selection was based on Akaike's Information Criterion AICC); the model with the lowest AIC value was considered as the best compromise between model deviance and model parameters [39].
All models indicated a high goodness of fit expressed by the explained deviance as well as by the pseudo-R2 by Nagelkerke [66].
Be explicit about the need for deviance and apply the ABCs to behaviors supporting or hindering that deviance as well as to the deviance itself.
Fixed model deviance 260.432 on 82 d.f.
Model deviance was the measure adopted for comparison.
The model deviances, the range of bootstrapped deviances and the estimated ^c (observed deviance/expected deviance) for each species are shown in Additional file 1 a.
Models were assessed by deviance reduction, as well as by 5-fold cross-validation, with estimated prediction error (EPE) approximated by the negative log likelihood loss function [84].
We used the posterior mean deviance as a Bayesian measure of fit or model adequacy as defined by Spiegelhalter et al. [20].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com