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▪ Application is the name and version of the software that implemented the statistical technique for model development, validation or prediction.
Necessities of further model development, validation database, best practical guidelines and advanced analysis using CFD results are demonstrated.
It has become a repository for interrogation of models for drug safety studies and innovative non-clinical model development, validation and implementation.
Models can be valuable tools to help simulate and communicate the complex interactions between the key controlling processes of a particular ecosystem; however, challenges associated with model integration, computational constraints, and spatial and temporal data continuity, can compromise model development, validation and magnify uncertainty.
A three-stage design of model development, validation and updating was used to mitigate issues associated with overfitting.
Model performance was assessed using internal (from the data used to develop the model) and external (from an additional data set not used in the model development) validation.
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Due to our relatively small data set, we used 10-fold cross-validation (cv) for model development and validation, with the benefit of still using the full data set to fit the final model.
The approach consists of three steps: (1) single-column model development and validation, (2) multi-column model development and validation, and (3) productivity optimization.
However, previous ecologic applications highlight several advantages over alternative methods, such as using the full dataset for both model development and validation (which overestimates predictive accuracy), or dividing the dataset into independent "training" and validation sets (which involves a subjective decision over division of data, and a reduction in sample size) (34 ).
We also refer to 'internal-external cross-validation' [ 16, 17], which is a multiple validation approach that accounts for multiple studies by rotating which are used toward model development and validation.
28 Model development and validation: All analyses were conducted using STATA 12. 29 To develop the model, we first examined the bivariate relations between selected variables and the risk of recurrence in the development data.
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