Overall, Logical models and Empirical models were most commonly used, followed by Extrapolation, Simulation/Process models, Data integration, and Direct mapping.
Applications of nanoinformatics include, for instance, nanoparticle characterization and design, modeling and simulation, data integration and exchange, linking nanoparticles information to clinical data, semantic annotation and retrieval, domain ontologies, terminologies and standards, and data and text mining for nanomedical research [ 2].
However, existing metadata reporting protocols do not support the complex data synthesis and model-data integration needs of interdisciplinary earth system research.
With FRAMES's multi-scale measurement position hierarchy, data can be reported at observed spatial resolutions and then easily aggregated and linked across measurement types to support model-data integration.
For land-atmosphere CO2 fluxes, several model-data integration and model-model intercomparision projects have been or are being conducted for the North America, for example, the NACP and Multi-scale Synthesis and Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project (MsTMIP) (Huntzinger et al. 2013).
Three main modules have oriented our software development: ontology modeling module, data integration module, and distributed reasoning module.
Using an integrated molecular approach of breast cancer by modelling and data integration on genomic models, Kristensen et al (2012) recently demonstrated that the strongest predictor of good outcome in breast cancer was the acquisition of a 'gene signature' that favored a high Th1/cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response at the expense of Th2-driven humoral immunity.
For this reason, a flexible and extensible metadata model for data integration and sharing now takes fundamental significance.
The model encourages data integration into an open-access unified resource for use by the animal/human and veterinary research communities to accelerate integrative translational interventions aimed at achieving better understanding of infectious and zoonotic diseases.
Beyond cancer data analysis many generic computational models of data integration have been proposed.
There is an extensive literature associated with the best practice of model generation and data integration but management and automated identification of relevant models from available collections of models is still an open problem.
