These measure outgoing total and shortwave radiances (and longwave by subtraction) which are converted, using angular dependence models, into radiative flux.
In this section, the above-mentioned model converted to a posynomial GP form, using the concepts behind the relations between geometric and arithmetic means (Eq. 23).
For example, if an existing model is converted to use SBML compartments, this would mean assigning all species to a compartment, so an appropriate patch would represent the entire model changing.
Transformation models convert skewed cost data using a transformation (e.g., log-normal) to a better-behaved distribution (i.e., one more normal and symmetric, homoscedastic, less skewed, promoting more efficient estimation).
Once the final multivariate model was determined, the logistic model was converted to absolute risk using the method described in the Appendix.
Most of the analysis and overlay operations are easily and efficiently done in the raster model, and therefore, all maps in vector model were converted into raster structure using the Arc GIS software.
Optimal mathematic model is converted into unconstrained mathematic model using penalty function method.
Significant continuous covariates in the first model were converted to dichotomous variables using a cutoff value determined by the Youden index created by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve [ 24].
In order to solve the problem, developed fuzzy model is converted to a crisp model by using expected values of fuzzy numbers and taking into account the preference of decision maker regarding cost and reliability goals.
The 2D sparse signal model given by (14) can be converted to a 1D model by using the following property [34]: mathrm{v}mathrm{e}mathrm{c}left(boldsymbol{AX}boldsymbol{Theta } right)=left {boldsymbol{Theta}}^Totimes boldsymbol{A}right);mathrm{v}mathrm{e}mathrm{c};left(boldsymbol{X}right).
