Sentence examples for model bacteria such from inspiring English sources

The paradigm of large research communities collectively working on a small number of model bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis is changing.

However, despite many studies, the bulk of our knowledge about sugar utilization pathways is limited to a handful of model bacteria such as E. coli.

With the availability of vast genome sequence data from so many species of bacteria it has become possible to make comparative sequence analyses, to add further value to the work carried out with model bacteria such as E. coli and N. meningitidis.

Positive selection studies on model bacteria, such as the species Escherichia coli[ 4, 6] and Listeria[ 7], or the genera Streptococcus[ 8, 9] and Campylobacter[ 10] have revealed that positive selection is an essential part of natural selection to fix advantageous mutations, and improves the adaptability of bacteria in a wide range of environmental conditions.

Interestingly, recent genome-scale approaches performed in model bacteria such as Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, indicate that swarmer differentiation represents much more than a motility phenotype as substantial alterations in metabolic pathways and gene expression have been observed [ 5- 9].

The C. glutamicum regulatory system of carbon metabolism is markely different from well-studied model systems of other bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis.

This review surveys the numerous advances that have been made in chemolithoautotrophic metabolic engineering with a focus on hydrogen oxidizing bacteria such as the model chemolithoautotrophic organism (Ralstonia), the purple photosynthetic bacteria (Rhodobacter), and anaerobic acetogens.

In this model, in which the bacteria move randomly and the intensity of this motion is under the control of two diffusible materials, the QS signal S and the secreted factor F. The model describes the fundamental properties of QS bacteria, such as i) density-dependent onset of the colony-movement, ii) displacement towards nutrients.

8 In addition, germ-free mice are unable to mount an inflammatory interleukin (IL -17-driven response IL -17-drivenel untIL -17-drivenonocolonized with specific commensal bacteresponse as segmented finanEAEous bacteria.

To date, studies of NsrR have been restricted to the in vivo analysis of target genes in pathogenic bacteria such as N. meningitidis [14] or model organisms such as E. coli [9], [10] and B. subtilis [12].

Even in the widely studied model bacteria Escherichia coli, the enzymes that take care of such collisions are still unknown.