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Categorical variables were entered into the model as indicator variables (for example, presence of characteristics = 1, absence = 0).
These categories were inserted into the final model as indicator variables, and the range of 90 to 99 g/L was used as the referent category.
To investigate the temporal behaviour of the outcomes, calendar years were entered into the model as indicator variables, with 2002 as the reference year.
With regard to evaluation of the interactive effects of SNPs and dietary intakes on breast cancer risk, the combined effects of SNPs and dietary intakes were assessed by adding the multiplicative interaction product (genotype × dietary intake) to the final model as indicator variables.
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To ease interpretation, all coefficients from the logistic regression models were transformed to odds ratios; Akaike information criterion and the Bayesian information criteria were calculated for each Poisson model as indicators for relative quality of the model fit (lower scores indicate better model fit).
In all three clustering programs, all the variables from each dataset were simultaneously entered into the model as indicators, with no dependent, covariate or predictor variables specified.
The gene expression/polymorphism model with interaction (full B model) includes the variables of the full A model as well as an indicator variable for Δ32 polymorphism and the two-way and three way interaction of the CCR5-Δ32 polymorphism with the gene expression variables.
All categorical variables entered the models as indicator variables.
All covariates but gestational age at birth and gestational week at blood drawing were introduced into models as indicator variables.
Except for provider measures and age, all explanatory variables were entered in the models as indicator dummy variables.
HFMD activities could be different in school holiday vs. non-school holiday periods [ 30], so holiday (in summer and winter) effects were controlled in all models as indicator variables.
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