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For this purpose, an elimination procedure is incorporated to the algorithm in order to remove variables that do not effectively contribute towards the prediction ability of the model as indicated by an F-test.
However, the uncertainty about the predictions was much better quantified by the non-stationary variance model, as indicated by the mean and median of the standardized squared prediction error and by accuracy plots.
The result is a three-state triangular model, as indicated by the diagram.
Finally, the best model as indicated by the likelihood ratio test was refitted using restricted maximum likelihood (REML).
The coefficient of determination (R 2) was also found to be the highest in Hanes–Woolf model, as indicated in Table 2.
The adsorption of AC2 was best fitted to pseudo-second-order kinetic model as indicated by the high R 2 value of 0.9999 (Fig. 11) compared to pseudo-first-order kinetic model (Fig. 10, R 2 = 0.9626).
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The results are summarized in Table 3. Overall, the results are consistent: the smaller the value of λ, the better the model fitness, as indicated by larger likelihood value.
Other plasma lipoproteins were included as independent variables and models were adjusted as indicated for child age, gender, pubertal stage and body fatness.
Such a result is often considered a typical feature of the random regression model [ 21, 22]; but it is most likely an indication that all sources of variation have not been adequately modelled, as indicated by changes when error variances were fitted with varying level of complexity [ 15, 23].
We examined the role of different scaffolding instructional interventions in facilitating students' shift to more sophisticated mental models as indicated by both performance and process data.
We further add coefficient models (as indicated in Eq. 2.2) to the previous models 2.1 to 4.1.
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