Consequently, the misalignment effects can no longer be accurately modeled as equivalent forces applied to a nominal unperturbed system.
In multilayer graphene-metamaterial (GM) absorbers, ultrathin metamaterial elements are theoretically modeled as equivalent loads which attached to the junctions between two transmission lines.
Bridge details with complicated multiple stiffeners are modeled as equivalent shell elements using equivalent orthotropic materials, resulting in the same longitudinal and lateral stiffness in the unit width and shear stiffness in the shell plane as the original configuration.
Open image in new window Fig. 15 GS2: a finite-element model and b generic Voronoi cell panel modelled as equivalent rods.
Moreover, structural sensitivity analysis showed that when the treatment effect of ivabradine was modeled only on HF mortality, with other CV death modeled as equivalent to SoC, a more favorable ICER estimate was achieved (€7,903/QALY gained).
These sources were modeled as equivalent current dipoles, which were superimposed on an MRI of a standard brain in MNI space (Fig. 1), whose prior mean locations coordinates (x, y, z) are: bilateral ITC: −43, −54, −15 (left); 43, −54, −15 (right); bilateral MTL: −27, −15, −20 (left); 27, −15, −20 (right); and bilateral IFC/VLPFC: −54, 35, 6 (left); 54, 35, 6 (right).
Finally, the wavenumbers predicted with this method are compared with some simplified models such as equivalent fluid models or equivalent plate models.
From our results, NBD is most probably electrografted according to an island-like model, as the equivalent thickness of the adsorbed layer, estimated from XPS measurements, is below one monolayer, while, CBD is electrografted in few multilayers of 2 to 3 nm thickness, depending on the scan rate used during electrografting.
We name this variant of RT model as an equivalent uniform radio sensitivity model, as it utilizes a cornerstone in RT – the Niemierko's EUD and other techniques [ 9, 10].
Even though uniform dose distribution can not be achieved clinically, we still can use the simplified model as an equivalent to more complicated models in the situations with quadratic form and cell proliferation included.
