These discrepancies with human reality and treatment need to be better identified in descriptions of the models applied where they compromise the validity of the fracture research results.
The ITU defined geometrical channel model is applied, where UE to macro links follow the urban macro model (UMa), which includes separate models for line-of-sight (LOS) and non-LOS (NLOS) [38].
To capture the experimental observations, a multi-branch one dimensional (1D) model is applied, where the modulus in the equilibrium branch is modeled to decrease with stretching deformation following a damage-like softening function.
A simplified mixer model was applied, where two liquid streams impinge into each other in the confined channels.
The ICCA,1 two-way random model was applied, where A stands for absolute agreement [ 26].
A fixed-effect model was applied where the I statistic was less than 50%% and the Chi test indicated a non-significant degree of heterogeneity (P > 0.1).
In the case of The Dings, a 'retro-fit' model was applied, where pre-existing, residential streets were converted and new features added.
This effect of CC genotype replicated only when the recessive model was applied where 69.2% of patients with CC genotype were SVR versus 54.2% in patients with AA + AC genotypes as shown in Table 4. Regarding the allele frequency, a differential distribution was observed in the allele frequency of IL12B 1188 A/C SNP in SVR versus NR.
The following animal model was applied: where Y ij is the trait value measured in the individual i, μ is the overall mean value of the trait, G j is the fixed effect of the SNP genotype or haplotype, A i is the additive effect of the individual based on the pedigree information and e ij is the residual error.
Moreover, in ordinary scientific problems such as curve fitting, formal criteria of model selection are applied where the paucity of parameters can be interpreted naturally as a key dimension of simplicity (Forster and Sober 1994).
