Model development was an iterative process of defining performance criteria, testing model behaviour, and reformulating as necessary to emulate system properties whilst ensuring that internal mechanisms were biologically realistic.
The problem has been formulated as an IP model and then reformulated to a set-partitioning model via the column generation approach.
In 2014, the IRC model was reformulated and adopted an uncombined representation of their products, as such, satellite equipment delays are provided for each observable (( {tilde{delta}}_{,i}^{ps},{tilde{d}}_{,i}^{ps} ) and share a common satellite clock (( {tilde{d}}_{,i}^{ps} )) (Laurichesse 2014).
Our attempts to improve the biological realism of this model (allowing transient 3-sided cells, investigating the implementation of a random division axis, and reformulating the model as a Markov process to represent asynchronous cell division) all lead to significant deviations from the universal histogram.
The nonlinear power system model is reformulated with a linear and a nonlinear term.
Here, the Wei and van der Werf [ 1] model is reformulated using breed-specific partial relationship matrices, as in Garcia-Cortes and Toro [ 20].
Like the SSA (1-layer model), the multilayer model can be reformulated as a minimisation problem.
We found that the model, once reformulated to represent succession, produces realistic landscape diversity patterns.
Anisotropic elastic shell model is reformulated using the nonlocal differential constitutive relations of Eringen.
The model was reformulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) via the convex-hull methodology and solved for a number of examples with the GAMS modeling system.
