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e sr : the power consumption when the sensor switches from the sleep mode to phase R of the active mode.
The average energy consumed per unit time switching from the sleep mode to phase R of active mode is denoted by E SR.
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The first pass was applied for the pre-measurement of a sample surface profile, and the second pass was performed in the phase image mode to measure phase shift distribution on the sample surface, which reflects distribution of the material characteristics.
Remark: Based on the explicit results presented above, it is apparent that the probability that the sensor is in sleep mode is not equal to β / α + β, and the probability that the sensor in active mode is not equal to α / α + β, since the sensor node has to relay all data packets in the node when the sensor's mode switches from phase R to phase N.
Figure 5 Energy consumption for switching from the sleep mode to the phase R. We also investigated the relationship between the change of the sensor's generating rate λ and the average energy assumption for transmitting a package in phase R or phase N. The curves in Figures 6 and 7 show that, with the increase of the generating rate λ, these two kinds of energy consumption will increase.
The powertrain switches from full-electric mode to a phase-in of the gasoline engine with the slightest shiver and does the same when switching back.
At the low wavenumber limit, depending on the pre-stress and propagation angle, it may be possible for both the fundamental mode and the next lowest mode to have finite phase speeds, while other higher modes have an infinite phase speed.
However, for a fully slipping interface in the low wavenumber region it may be possible for both the fundamental mode and the next lowest mode to have finite phase speeds.
It can also change from the semi-active phase to the sleep mode or from the sleep mode to the full-active phase.
The introduction of three-dimensionality into the electrode architecture and operation of the fuel cell in a gas phase mode to supply the fuel and the oxidant demonstrates an avenue for improving the power density of EFCs.
Therefore, the TRD must deviate from the continuous rotation mode to ensure the anti-phasing between the harmonic control force of the TRD and the velocity of the SDOF oscillator.
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