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In our case, using the conventional tapping mode, the tip convolution can be considerably reduced.
In this mode, the tip approaches and indents the sample until a certain predefined force is reached.
In intermittent contact mode, the tip is oscillated at the resonant frequency of the cantilever, and a feedback loop maintains constant amplitude over the entire image to insure the gentle imaging conditions.
In Z-imaging mode, the tip is scanned over the sample and a Z feedback is used to maintain a constant current while simultaneously adjusting and collecting the position of the feedback.
During the AFM local oxidation in contact mode, the tip applied bias was varied in the range of 5 to 15 V and the tip loading force was modulated from approximately 60 nN to approximately 180 nN.
In contact mode, the cantilever touches the surface, while in noncontact mode, the tip is vibrated near the surface, and changes in the resonance amplitude are used to detect the proximity of the surface.
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Therefore, the change of graphene quantum capacitance with the DC biases is dependent on n, resulting in the different layer-dependent quantum capacitances of graphene at 0 V and +3 V. Since SCM has been performed in the contact mode where the tip contacts with the surface, the DC bias applied between the tip and sample backside acts as the gate voltage.
In addition to the normal imaging mode, the STM tip can also be employed to manipulate single atoms and molecules in a bottom up fashion, collectively or one at a time.
For the contact mode, the cantilever tip was always touching with the bacterial cells under a given force during scanning.
In contact mode, the cantilever tip is always in contact with the sample while scanned across the sample surface during topography acquisition.
During tapping mode, the nonlinear tip-sample force activates the internal resonance and thereby amplifies the out-of-phase resonant mode.
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