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Exact(5)
e_{o} = frac{{varepsilon_{cu} + varepsilon_{y} }}{b - c}timesfrac{{H^{*2} }}{{pi^{2} }} (9) Knowing the end eccentricity value as well as the curvature mode, the equivalent column could be obtained.
Consider column S-3-5 an an example for column bent in single curvature mode, the equivalent pin-ended axially loaded column is determined in the following, refer to Fig. 12a.
Consider column D-3-5 an an example for column bent in double curvature mode, the equivalent pin-ended axially loaded column is determined in the following, refer to Fig. 12b.
In Figure 3, ka is the target Doppler rate, Ts, Tss, and Tspot are the effective azimuth output extensions of the stripmap mode, the equivalent sliding spotlight mode, and the pure spotlight mode, respectively.
frac{{H^{H} = 1 + 5left( {e/b} right) - 3.17left( {e/b} right)^{2} (10) As a consequence, knowing any end eccentricity combinations and the original column height for the column bent in single curvature mode, the equivalent pin-ended column subjected to axial load can be obtained using Eq. (10).
Similar(55)
Under blast loads, structures usually respond at their local modes, the equivalent SDOF system derived using the fundamental structure response mode might not be suitable.
For the case of columns bent in double curvature mode, generalize the equivalent column concept maybe led to inaccurate situation and each case should be treated individually.
(2) Flexural-shear failure mode Since the equivalent shear regions on the right and left-hand sides of the beam specimens were designed with two stirrup spacings, named as L-20 and R-30 regions, the hysteresis loops and envelope lines were drawn for the critical region in one specimen, respectively.
When a nonlinear system is expressed in terms of the modes of the equivalent linear system, the nonlinearity often leads to modal coupling terms between the linear modes.
Multiple waves occur in the longitudinal direction, the number of waves depending on the number of modes of the equivalent cross-section.
This optimization model sets the operational constraints according to the most challenging circumstance that ensures reliability in both islanded and parallel modes, also the equivalent annual cost is minimized to improve the economic characteristics of the microgrid.
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