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However, there is sparse information on the mode of uptake of engineered nanomaterials by primary macrophages.
Most previous studies have considered uptake mediated by biosurfactants to be the predominant mode of uptake, but scarce experimental information is available about which mechanism actually prevails.
We hypothesized that binary mixtures of metals that share a common mode of uptake and toxicity (e.g., Cd and Zn – Ca2+ antagonists, Cu and Ag – Na+ antagonists) would reduce the gill binding of each other via competitive interactions and induce less than additive effects on ion transport.
In addition, we performed experiments with primary human monocyte-derived phagocytes at two time-points, 2 h and 24 h, and the preferential ingestion of PS-coated SWCNT versus PC-coated SWCNT was evident also at the later time-point, thus arguing against a non-selective mode of uptake of the functionalized SWCNT (see below).
However, the exact time and mode of uptake remain to be established.
Our prime interest in this study was to see whether NP agglomeration governed the mode of uptake into HMMs, i.e. the internalization of HA NPs into the SCC.
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In addition, the mixture of metals that have different modes of uptake and toxicity (e.g., Cd and Cu, or Cd and Ni) would not exhibit any interactive effects either on gill metal binding or ion transport.
Herbicides are also categorized by what we call "modes of uptake".
Even within the same cell line, investigators have observed multiple modes of peptide uptake; endocytic and non-endocytic modes of uptake were noted in the V79 and PC12 cell lines [ 23].
The uptake of FAM- PDP2 was lower at 4 °C than at 37 °C, suggesting both energy-dependent and -independent modes of uptake.
The aim of this work was to evaluate the predominant mode of diesel uptake in multiphase bioreactors.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com