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The watermarking algorithm and the type and mode of error correcting codes also play an important role in defining the combined performance of robustness and invisibility.
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The robustness improvement against attacks such as JPEG compression, additive white Gaussian noise, low pass filtering and color attacks (hue, saturation and brightness modifications) is demonstrated using different families and modes of error correcting codes.
A suitable sliding surface is selected to ensure a sliding mode motion of error states when the proposed control law is applied.
We found an error rate in the automatic tracing mode of ∼1 error per 250 um of axonal length.
Since the mode of the error is still slightly negative for both components, the bias compensation can be omitted in favor of the closer error mode.
We found that the bias at low CNR values is negligible in favour of a mode of the error which is close to zero.
The oyster heterozygosity is so high that the peak at count 22 is the mode of the error-free 51-mer distribution.
When designing the controller, a new tracking performance index is first defined, which reflects the desired modes of tracking error of the closed-loop system.
Error was defined as a summation of mode shape observability error, mass loading error and optimum driving point error.
Reinforcement mechanisms, failure modes and causes of error in grouted joints are discussed.
These barcodes were designed using a Hamming script [ 22, 23] that considers that the major error mode of Illumina sequencing is substitution errors and ensures that no two barcodes are less than 4 base substitutions apart.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com