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In particular, the special mode of epidermal replacement in acoels and rhabditophorans constitutes an apomorphy supporting a possible sister-group relationship between these taxa.
Morphological characteristics (i.e. the distribution of stem cells and the peculiar mode of epidermal replacement) and gene-expression patterns of the stem-cell marker piwi both confirm the unique mode of epidermal replacement by mesodermally located stem cells in acoels and rhabditophorans.
By contrast, novel data on the distribution and proliferation of stem cells and the specific mode of epidermal replacement constitute a strong synapomorphy for the Acoela plus the major group of flatworms, the Rhabditophora.
The very same mode of epidermal cell renewal and the absence of proliferating cells in the epidermis characterizes rhabditophoran taxa such as macrostomorphans [16] (Fig. 3), polyclads [17] (Fig. 3), triclads [18], rhabdocoels [19] and parasitic platyhelminths [20].
However, the peculiar mode of epidermal cell renewal exclusively from mesodermally located stem cells may not be a synapomorphy for all traditional taxa of the Platyhelminthes, i.e. the Catenulida, the Acoela, the Nemertodermatida and the Rhabditophora [2].
Other trees featuring more taxa (e.g. [12]) and where acoels hold a different position imply that the particular mode of epidermal cell renewal would even have been lost several more times.
Similar(53)
Immediately following the injury, the anti-proliferation effect of TGFβ3 from serum halts the proliferation mode of both epidermal and dermal cells and migration mode of only dermal cells at the wound edge, in order for epidermal keratinocytes to migrate toward the wound first (Sarret et al., 1992; Bandyopadhyay et al., 2006).
The stem cell system and the particular mode of replacing epidermal cells represent unique features shared by both acoel and rhabditophoran flatworms, but not by any other bilaterian lineage.
In addition to these functional studies, morphologic studies sought to address the mode of desmosomal cadherin interaction within desmosomes by using electron tomography imaging of epidermal tissue (Al-Amoudi et al. 2007; He et al. 2003).
Virtual screening was carried out through docking the designed compounds into the ATP binding site of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to predict if these compounds have analogous binding mode to the EGFR inhibitors.
Virtual screening was carried out through docking the designed compounds into the ATP binding site of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to predict if these compounds have similar binding mode as the EGFR inhibitors.
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