If the prism dielectric constant ε3 is chosen such that ε3 > ε1, it is possible to satisfy the energy-momentum conservation laws for the incident light and plasmon modes, allowing for surface plasmon excitation on the metal sensing medium interface.
Additionally, there is a higher frequency of impacts recorded for roads than for other modes of surface transportation, likely due to more road networks in the areas affected by volcanic activity.
Analytical modes, dispersion relationship for surface plasmon polariton and inductor-capacitor model for phonon-mediated magnetic polariton, have been utilized to verify the results.
We establish IS thresholds for all modes of surface transportation related to visibility impairment.
However, due to current difficulties in quantifying the impact that ash thickness has on visibility impairment (the key impact type relatable to ash-settling rate and relevant for all modes of surface transportation), the two HIMs are not directly comparable and should be considered separately.
Non-contact mode operation was used for surface topography imaging; however, contact-mode AFM was applied for the electrical measurements [22, 23, 50].
