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Thus by rotating the mode coupling angle θ, we change the wavelength-dependent DGD spectra thereby ensuring SO-PMD variation.
Experimental results are presented that illustrate sensing action by measuring the shift in the surface mode coupling angle with surface loading.
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The emulator can adjust PMD statistics by controlling mode coupling angles between polarization maintaining fibres (PMFs) of fixed length using its seven rotatable electro-optic polarization rotators which act as half waveplates (HWPs).
If molecules are attached inside the waveguide and change the effective refractive index of the waveguide mode, the coupling angle θ will be changed according to Eq. (1).
Perturbation theory calculations suggest that the sensitivity asymptotically approaches infinity as the porosity of the waveguide approaches a critical porosity for a given mode and the resonant coupling angle of light into the waveguide approaches 90°.
A comprehensive model on the dynamics of a tilted tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) is presented, which includes the multimodal analysis, mode coupling mechanisms, adhesion, contact and friction forces induced by the tilting angle.
By using a more accurate analysis, we investigate the effect of the mode coupling and radiation loss of a two-mode interferometer (TMI) which is employed in the design of Mach Zehnder interferometer interleaver by considering different branching angles and index contrasts.
Mode coupling and energy partition are calculated for longitudinal, transverse shear and bending waves obliquely incident and it is seen that the transmission coefficient is strongly dependent on angle.
For this example, the mode signs were estimated on the same mode couples as distance.
In multi-dimensional case, we dispose of estimations of mode signs for each mode couple option.
It is assumed that modes that have not been coupled into the core mode couple into cladding modes.
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