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A quick calculation for a typical measurement in the CBA mode, assuming a Bi+ primary ion current of 0.04 pA, a 10 μm × 10 μm area, and 10 ions cm−2 as static limit, allows a measurement time of about 40 s until reaching the static limit.
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Open image in new window Fig. 4 Finite element model and analysis results of the serpentine gate for the first five resonant frequency modes assuming a composite material as silicon gold Table 1 Material properties for gold and silicon for numerical model Material Property Gold Density 19.2 g cm−3 Measured thickness 0.292 µm Silicon Density 2.329 g cm−3 Elastic modulus 169 GPa Poison ratio 0.048.
Table 2 shows the tremendous differences in particle number concentrations and particle surface areas for particles of the four ambient modes, assuming an airborne concentration of 10 μg/m of unit density particles of each size.
The only difference is that the mixed-mode model assumes a finite interfacial mobility instead of an infinite one, so the time to reach the stabilized concentration is much longer for the mixed-mode than it is for the diffusion control mode, the latter being theoretically stabilized at time zero.
In contrast to several existing methods which are designed to operate in a batch, off-line mode, assuming that the whole video sequence to be tracked is available before tracking commences, the proposed method operates on images incrementally.
Three hits should be the most you need to kill a creeper in Normal mode, assuming you draw the bow back far enough.
I developed an algorithm that estimates the rr for any QC sampling time interval of a QC procedure applied to analytical systems with an arbitrary number of critical-failure modes, assuming any failure time and measurement error probability density function for each mode.
To explore the estimation of the QC sampling time intervals using a residual risk measure I developed an algorithm that estimates the residual risk of any sampling time interval of QC procedures applied to analytical systems with an arbitrary number of critical-failure modes, assuming any probability density function of critical-failure time and measurement error for each mode.
Using advanced numerical methods the algorithm I developed estimates the residual risk of any sampling time interval of a QC procedure applied to analytical systems with an arbitrary number of critical-failure modes, assuming any probability density function of critical-failure time and measurement error for each mode.
The bottom plate is harmonically excited with a constant amplitude in the frequency range of the lower sloshing mode, assuming that liquid responses are axisymmetric.
Ω=1 therefore means, that all of the light is coupled into the dipole mode, assuming the ideal radiation pattern.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com