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The modal characteristics such as effective mode area and confinement loss are investigated using the finite element method.
Our results show that the mode area and chromatic dispersion are very sensitive to the geometry, dimensions and placement of the lightly doped segments.
By adjusting the parameters d and a, different effective mode area and nonlinear coefficient can be obtained, which demonstrates the flexibility of the proposed photonic crystal fiber.
The influences of elliptical air-holes on effective index, birefringence, effective mode area and nonlinear coefficient are analyzed by using full-vector finite element method (FEM).
Supercontinuum generation was simulated with split-step Fourier method using the model that takes into account frequency-dependent effective mode area and losses, Raman response of the medium and temporal shape of the input pulse.
The dependence of structural parameters on the effective index of the fundamental guided mode, effective index of the fundamental cladding mode, mode field diameter, confinement loss, effective mode area, and chromatic dispersion in PCF have been studied, respectively.
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In patients with AD, connectivity at baseline was decreased in the posterior default mode areas and increased in frontal regions in comparison with healthy controls.
In addition, large-mode area and single-mode operation in the all-solid microstructured-core bandgap fibre can be achieved by bending the fibre at a wide bending radius range.
Variation of different optical properties of the fiber such as effective refractive index, birefringence, beat length, confinement loss, effective mode area, dispersion and nonlinear coefficient are studied.
The effective-mode-area and confinement loss of the waveguide structure has been obtained for single-mode operation and their variation with the geometrical parameters.
Simulation results show that, the magnitude of confinement loss can be reduced to a value of 5.5012 × 10−6 dB/km at the operating wavelength 1550 nm for the structure with d/R = 0.8 and the corresponding effective mode area is 3.78046 μm2 and nonlinear coefficient is 0.03313 km−1W−1.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com