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As the name implies, HWMP is a combination (hybrid) of on-demand route selection mode and proactive tree-based approach.
PA-SHWMP is based on the current draft version D3.02 [23] of IEEE 802.11s that introduces the concept of embedded routing in layer-2 named HWMP, which is a hybrid protocol because it has combined the flavor of reactive and proactive routing strategy by employing both on-demand path selection mode and proactive tree building mode.
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As described in [4], the secure path selection process includes on-demand and proactive modes.
In HWMP, both on-demand and proactive modes can be used simultaneously.
We demonstrate how a system based on our proposed model can be applied to support the reactive, collaborative and proactive modes of decision support in collaborative e-work.
The hello interval is 1 s in the proactive mode and 5 s in the reactive mode.
Another HWMP parameter is the path lifetime (composed of the attributes dot11MeshHWMPactivePathToRootTimeout and dot11MeshHWMPactivePathTimeout), which is a parameter that specifies the time during which a mesh STA shall consider the forwarding information to the root mesh STA to be valid (proactive mode) and to any other mesh STA (reactive mode), respectively.
Of course, only by applying the mode switches intelligently, increased performance compared to reactive and proactive protocols can be achieved, which is subject of Section 6.
Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) is a proactive tool used to analyse risks, identify failures before they happen and prioritise remedial measures.
Alongside the reactive mode, the "proactive mode" will target specific issues of public interest, providing briefings to politicians shortly before parliamentary debates.
Being prepared and proactive matters.
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