Hence, an animal model is indispensable for demonstrating the benefit of any new modality sufficiently different from the standard treatment.
Since our initial study using intrapericardial P-colloid instillation as a treatment modality for pericardial effusion demonstrated a significant higher response rate, this study was conducted to further evaluate the efficacy of intrapericardial P-colloid in terms of response rates and duration of remissions.
Other ultrasound modalities are demonstrating promise but presently lack the weight of evidence for mpMRI [82 85].
Currently, the only imaging modality capable of demonstrating the wall layers is endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), which is, therefore, the method of choice for assessment of local tumour extent.
Our study extends the theoretical advantages to conventional treatment modalities for cancer by demonstrating that loss of MMR does not result in resistance to PDT.
Thus a treatment modality with demonstrated efficacy in an RCT may not be effective when combined with other modalities for a different patient population in clinical practice [ 12, 18, 19].
The only ethical option for society, and indeed the one most valuable for future medical advancement, is to replace animal-based research with modalities that demonstrate promise for drug development and disease treatment.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is typically the best modality for detailed imaging of HNPGLs, demonstrating low T1-signal and intermediate-high signal on T2-weighted images and intense enhancement after gadolinium contrast; on computed tomography (CT) imaging, intratumoral blood vessels are strongly enhanced after contrast (Taïeb et al. 2014).
Bone scintigraphy is the most widely used modality for detecting bone metastases, and demonstrates osteoblastic activity as areas of increased radiotracer uptake.
The effect of imprinting on mean response magnitude to the imprinting stimulus varied with modality (Fig. 4): Comparison between visual and audiovisual modalities demonstrated that enhancement of mean response magnitude to VIS was absent for AISVIS (interaction between group and modality; F1, 155 = 3.93, P = 0.049).
