Few studies have investigated the neural bases of VWM using auditory stimuli, and fewer have explored modality differences in VWM.
Other modality differences in VWM were also observed, but they were associated with relative decreases in activation.
Significant modality differences were found between HIIT and AEE (p < 0.001), and HIIT and HIRT (p < 0.001) over time, but not between AEE and HIRT (p = 0.133).
Taken together, our findings suggest that although similar prefrontal and parietal regions are involved in aud-VWM and vis-VWM, there are important modality differences in the way neural signals are generated, processed and routed during VWM.
However, a direct statistical comparison revealed significant modality differences: the left posterior parietal cortex, primarily along the intraparietal sulcus, showed greater responses during vis-VWM whereas the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex showed greater responses during aud-VWM.
Since most studies concentrate on single predator systems, modality differences have been largely neglected.
For patients with pain radiation, the modality differences were smaller and inconsistent.
Modality differences were found in the less eccentric condition: more errors for visually than acoustically triggered saccades were made.
In the case of D. barbata, it is evident that even the modality differences of two invertebrate predators matter.
Furthermore, in a multiple linear regression, the differences in maternal sensitivity and mentalization will be used to predict psychopathology and maternal stress (with treatment modality, differences in psychopathology, and differences in maternal distress as independent variables).
