Exact(1)
Moreover, the writers mostly employed subjective selections for modality (about 94%%), including both congruent and metaphorical realisations (see Tables 7 and 8).
Similar(59)
Despite advances in different treatment modalities, about 45%% of all breast cancer patients still undergoes a mastectomy for adequate local control [ 4, 5].
Research on treatment choices when approaching the need for dialysis suggests that when patients are fully informed about dialysis modality options, about half choose self-care dialysis (peritoneal dialysis or haemodialysis) and another 15% choose limited-care clinic-based haemodialysis.
We have developed a modality to bring about treatment-induced alterations in the tumor microenvironment by employing the synergistic effects between two drugs.
Very little information is available about veterans' use of each distinct modality, and about psychosocial correlates of various forms of CAM use.
In contrast to Carnap, who was at work on modality at about the same time, Reichenbach understands the task of his theory to be to explain the logical form and content of subjunctives, especially of contrary-to-fact conditionals, and, at the same time, to explain how empirical evidence can warrant some counterfactuals, warrant the denial of others, and leave still others undecided.
MRI scanning can also be used to image tophi, and the information this modality reveals about the inflammatory nature of these lesions cannot be appreciated from XR or CT scanning.
For further detail see Halpern and Vardi (1989), Fagin et al. (1995), as well as the more recent van Benthem and Pacuit (2006) which surveys a number of decidablity and undecidablity results concerning temporal-epistemic logics and illustrates again the crucial effect on the computational complexity which the combination of temporal and other modalities can bring about.
Whereas facts about what is actual are facts about how things are, facts about modality (i.e., what is possible, necessary, or impossible) are facts about how things could, must, or could not have been.
A highly influential paper by Martin Davies and Lloyd Humberstone (1980) brought the formal tools developed in 2D modal logic to bear on philosophical puzzles about modality.
This fictionalist about modality might reject the literal truth of all claims about necessity, for example (and, in virtue of the interdefinition, accept the literal truth of all possibility claims).
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