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Exact(14)
The sd above the modal year is calculated in analogy to the overall sd, (5).
For the standard deviation above the modal year, the results are quite different.
However, sd above the modal year began to fall in the early 1980s only.
The modal year for the step changes for both TRP concentration and flux was 1997.
Table 4 Determinants of variability of age at death above the modal year (sd mode ), 1983-2005 Explanatory variable Coef.
A 10percentt increase 10 years earlier goes along with a percent increase of the standard deviation above the modal year.
Similar(46)
This paper uses the modal years of schooling of Canadian-born workers to determine required years of schooling in each of the 508 occupations identified in the census.
Undereducation is measured as years of deficit education in relation to the "norm" in the occupation which we either derive using the mean plus/minus one standard deviation or the modal years of schooling.
Chiswick and Miller (2008), Cohn and Khan (1995), and Kiker et al. (1997) prefer using modal years of schooling within an occupation while Verdugo and Verdugo (1989) deem workers fully matched if their years of schooling fall within one standard deviation above or below the occupation mean.
Among women, modal 5-year survival estimates indicated that they were aware of differences between cancers, with modal values of 71 80% for breast cancer, 51 60% for CRC and 21 30% for lung cancer.
The age distribution was not normal (median age = 14 years, modal age = 12 years), and 58% of participants were aged 12 14 years.
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