Advocates of the modal characterization have included Ruth Barcan Marcus (1967) and Saul Kripke (1980), among others.
A modal characterization of the distinction between essential and accidental properties is taken for granted in nearly all work in analytic metaphysics since the 1950s.
The central notion involved in any modal characterization of the distinction between essential and accidental properties is that of metaphysical necessity/possibility.
(According to the modal view of essence, this modal characterization of essential properties provides necessary and sufficient conditions for essentiality. On non-modal views, this characterization merely captures a necessary condition. See Fine (1994) for the case against the modal view).
D.R.G., Z.L. and F.P. conducted the S2 modal characterization.
The so-called distinction between essence and existence reveals an unavoidable modal characterization of being.
(For the modal characterization, see Topics 102b5ff; for the definitional, see Metaphysics 1031a12; and for the explanatory, see Posterior Analytics 74b5ff. For more on the notion of essence in Aristotle's work, see the entry on Aristotle's Metaphysics).
The main contribution of this work is a modal characterization method that is designed specifically for the identification of close vibration modes and which, in contrast with the well established analysis methods, does not require that each resonance region be dominated by a single mode of vibration.
We report a full modal characterization of the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) properties in small core As2Se3-based chalcogenide photonic crystal fibers (PCFs).
From the operational point of view, the procedure makes use of a modal characterization of the building, utilizing well-established experimental techniques, focused on both the overall behaviour of the building as well on the local behaviour of single joints, where major damage might be expected to occur.
