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Recent studies, however, have also demonstrated that DNA damage alters the mobility of DNA loci, perhaps facilitating their interaction with DNA repair proteins that are expressed at extremely low concentrations (Dimitrova et al., 2008; Miné-Hattab and Rothstein, 2013).
With the increase of amount of shRNA in NPs, the electrophoretic mobility of DNA is faster and the band will be stronger.
It has been found thatMg2+ could reduce electrophoretic mobility of DNA molecule more thanNa+ at the same concentration without worrying about changing the DNAmolecule charge to a positive value [28].
As shown in Figure 2, the nanoparticles are able to fully retard the mobility of DNA in agarose gel when the N/P ratio is 10 1 or higher than 10 1.
It was observed that sole plasmid DNA could migrate to the positive electrode under the electric field such as lane 1 and 8 in Fig. 2. Once DNA was associated with the nanoparticles which was too large to diffuse through the agarose matrix, the mobility of DNA was hindered and it was detained in the well of the agarose gel.
Polymeric micelles/DNA complexes at various N/P ratios, ranging from 1 to 40, were separately electrophoresed on 0.7% (W/V) agarose gel containing 0.1% GelRed (V/V) with Tris acetate EDTA (TAE) running buffer (pH 8) at 80 V for 60 min. Then, the gel was illuminated on a UV illuminator to show the mobility of DNA.
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These structures have been detected through their effects on the mobilities of DNA on agarose gels (e.g. [21]), and have also been directly observed by electron microscopy (EM; [22], [23]).
The mobility (μe) of DNA molecules was determined by the analyzer via Phase Analysis Light scattering (PALS).
Therefore, these results suggest that the differential mobility shifts of DNA and nucleosomal fibers caused by TRF2 reside in the N-terminus and TRFH domain.
Chromatin shows considerable mobility; assignment of DNA to linker or core regions is not permanent, and psoralen adducts initially concentrated in linker regions become randomized after 10 hr.
However, mobility of the DNA fragments was retarded when hrp box DNA of hrpA or hrpN was incubated with RNAP and His6-HrpL (Fig. 1), indicative of the requirement of RNAP in the binding of HrpL to these DNA fragments.
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