Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating disease characterized by muscle wasting, loss of mobility and death in early adulthood.
With aging comes impaired physical performance, which is correlated with incident functional limitation in daily activities [ 2, 3] and is a predictor of adverse health effects such as hospitalization, severe limitation of mobility, and death [ 4].
Throughout the film, heavy themes loom, of struggle and social mobility, illness and death.
An initial loss of mobility and cell death were observed at LOEC 1.6 mg/L leading to viability loss at LOEC 6.8 mg/L after 96 h exposure.
It was marked by an increase in inequality, the decline of social mobility, and the death of the American Dream.
Consistent with the mHtt FRET reporter results, no relationship was observed between mHtt mobility and cell death (Fig. 6A) [18].
While the dystrophin-deficient mdx mouse has historically been used as the primary model of DMD, the dystrophin/utrophin double-knockout (dKO) mouse suffers from a much more severe and progressive muscle wasting, impaired mobility and premature death (19, 20).
Similar effects are observed in aging individuals and could lead to reduced mobility and, potentially, death, which result in increased economic burden with the aging of the population [ 2, 3].
Accordingly, flies treated with the HIT device display phenotypes consistent with brain injury, including temporary incapacitation followed by ataxia, gradual recovery of mobility, neurodegeneration over time, and death within 24 hr (Katzenberger et al., 2013).
The major gene population (80%) was categorized as "cellular physiologic processes" covering the processes of cell growth and maintenance, cell death, mobility, and transport.
Frailty has been associated with risk for adverse health outcomes in aging, such as falls, reduced mobility, loss of independence, hospitalization, disability and death (Fried et al. 2001).
