Three different normalized Doppler frequencies have been selected, f d T = 0.12, f d T = 0.24 and f d T = 0.36, corresponding to a mobile terminal moving at speeds of 100, 200, and 300 Km/h, respectively.
However, for practical broadband relay networks where the source and the relay can all be moving nodes, e.g., mobile terminals in moving cars or high-speed trains.
A Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a set of mobile terminals, which move in different directions with different speeds.
We assume that a mobile terminal is moving at a constant velocity.
With a time interval, the distance that the mobile terminal has moved is given by (1).
We assume that a mobile terminal can move in any direction with equal probability; hence, the PDF of the mobile terminal direction of motion θ is [29]: Fig. 4 The assumed handover scenario of a mobile terminal [29] f_{theta}=frac{1}{2pi},quad -pi<theta<pi.
In LTE, such a network consists of a multitude of eNodeBs that cover a specific area in which many mobile terminals are located and/or moving around.
Owing to these merits, distributed estimation has received more and more attention and been widely used in applications ranging from environmental monitoring [1], medical data collecting for healthcare [2], animal tracking in agriculture [1], monitoring physical phenomena [3], localizing moving mobile terminals [4, 5] to national security.
Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) provides mobile terminals uninterrupted access to networks while on the move via a mechanism called Router Optimization (RO).
Thus, it is a challenge to design new techniques so that mobile terminals are able to not only maintain their active connection as they move across different types of wireless networks, but also minimize their power consumption.
