Out of these three, the last two sources are stationary sources of pollutants, affecting air to a greater extent but in a limited area, while the vehicular traffic being a mobile source pollutes the atmosphere to a larger extent without limitation.
Air contaminants were selected to include HAPs that are categorized by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EPAas as urban air toxics or mobile-source pollutants, as well as compounds from primarily indoor origin.
Given that alternative fuels and fuel economy legislation dates back to the Clean Air Act Amendment of 1970, which created initiatives to reduce mobile sources of pollutants, further analysis is performed on the case study to estimate the potential reduction of pollutants on the PA Turnpike as a function of the LNG infrastructure cost.
The relationship between traffic emissions and mobile-source air pollutant concentrations is highly variable over space and time and therefore difficult to model accurately, especially in urban settings with complex terrain.
Previous studies have shown that seasonality can affect mobile-source air pollutant concentrations (Nanzetta and Holmén 2004), and we might observe more spatial heterogeneity for PM2.5 in the winter given less formation and regional transport of sulfates.
The 1999 NATA was modified to account for the pollutant gradients near roads, analyzing 19 mobile source air toxics.
Our findings suggest that mobile source effects on CVD hospitalizations could be linked to cyclohexanes, a pollutant group that has not been studied before in any epidemiological or toxicological setting.
This design resulted in contrasting exposure profiles for O3 and a package of correlated pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, and NO2) primarily of mobile source origin.
PM2.5 is generally considered to be a regional pollutant and BC is a near-roadway pollutant (mobile sources), and BC generally has more measurement error in regional models [ 65].
The pollutants of interest for mobile sources include multiple primary pollutants, for which the concentration gradient is such that monitors not proximate to the roadway may not detect the impacts of emission changes.
