where 'd' and 'k' denote the average distance of communication between mobile nodes and mobility proportion variable, respectively.
Social beings such as humans may act as a carrier of mobile nodes, and therefore mobility pattern of node follows a social-based movement model.
The mobile sensor network is composed of only mobile nodes and has good mobility.
We have selected a simplified LOS propagation model for mobile nodes, and the nodes mobility has been neglected by the assumption of a static network topology.
As we have used a simple LOS propagation model for the mobile nodes and ignored the mobility, a more powerful algorithm which can support more general multipath fading propagation models and the mobility can be considered for future research.
MIP-based solutions for TWCS have already been studied [12, 22, 30, 55, 56] and extensions to support multi-homing, by using multiple egress interfaces on the MR, have been developed [57 59] within the IETF Working Group MEXT (Mobility EXTensions for IPv6) or in the former Working Groups MIP6 (Mobility for IPv6), NEMO or MONAMI6 (Mobile Nodes and Multiple Interfaces in IPv6).
Performance gain achieved by adding mobile nodes to a stationary sensor network for target detection depends on factors such as the number of mobile nodes deployed, mobility patterns, speed and energy constraints of mobile nodes, and the nature of the target locations (deterministic or random).
Mobile Tapestry efficiently supports individual mobile nodes and, by using an approach we call hierarchical mobility, it also supports large groups of mobile nodes simultaneously moving together.
We categorize three typical application scenarios of applying mobile nodes, and we then highlight the issues and identify the objectives of optimizing network coverage by leveraging mobile nodes.
Ad hoc wireless networks perform the difficult task of multi-hop communication in an environment without a dedicated infrastructure, with mobile nodes and changing network topology.
The adapted heuristics are found to be performing better in terms of the number of deaths of mobile nodes and the average number of path breaks.
