Sentence examples for mobile gene clusters from inspiring English sources

The mobilization and integration of mobile gene clusters carrying genes for multiple antibiotic resistance, although not directly implicated in the mechanism of pathogenicity, are also thought to significantly influence the epidemiology of cholera [10].

One important mediator of LGT involves mobile gene cassettes clustered in association with integrons [11].

It was PCR-positive for IS 16 (recipient 64/3 is IS 16-negative) most probably due to acquisition of a mobile vanB gene cluster which is commonly flanked by copies of IS 16[ 5].

PFGE analysis of the donor, the recipient and the transconjugant followed by subsequent Southern hybridisation with a labelled vanB gene probe confirmed the clonal relatedness of the recipient and the transconjugant, the latter having acquired a mobile vanB gene cluster from the donor which integrated into the chromosome (Additional file 3: Figure S3).

The presence of partial IS elements in flanking regions and/or within the toxin gene clusters suggests that these mobile elements may have had a role in the transfer of these genes during the evolution of clostridial species [15], [56].

This observation is supported by the proximity of mobile genetic elements to several of the described gene clusters.

The presence of mobile genetic elements in close proximity of the fimbrial gene clusters further supports this notion.

When chromosomally located, botulinum neurotoxin gene clusters are usually flanked by fragments of mobile elements, an observation which has raised the possibility that they may have been acquired by horizontal gene transfer (Sebaihia et al. 2007).

The remains of IS mobile elements are often found associated with C. botulinum neurotoxin gene clusters, usually not only at their 5′- and 3′-flanks but also sometimes within the gene cluster itself (Hill et al. 2009), and are thought to indicate horizontal gene transfer activity.

Neurotoxin gene clusters are often flanked by the remains of mobile genetic elements, and this and other genetic evidence suggests that they have been acquired by horizontal gene transfer (Sebaihia et al. 2007; Carter et al. 2009).

DE170 CRISPR cluster is flanked by IS elements, suggesting that it could be a mobile element as has been seen before in regions of Escherichia coli CRISPR gene clusters [ 39].