Exposure to excessive levels of manganese (Mn) is known to induce psychiatric and motor disorders, including parkinsonian symptoms.
For NKp44 cross-linking experiments pDCs were previously cultured for 18 h in the presence of IL-3 (20 ng/mL; R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) in order to induce NKp44 expression.
Exposure to manganese (Mn) is also known to induce neurotoxicity and levels of Mn in Bangladeshi groundwater are also high.
In order to test the capacity of MN-mediated vaccination to induce protective antiviral immunity in a murine para-influenza virus model, we generated a recombinant Sendai virus (SeV) that expresses a red fluorescent protein/ovalbumin fusion protein (SeV-OVATdT).
The strong internal strain between Pt and Mn lattices is found to induce the structural distortion of anisotropic PtMn crystals and formation of asymmetric flower shapes, leading to stretched Pt and contracted Mn lattices.
Accordingly, we tested the ability of Tax to induce MN and unstabilized DNA breaks in rodent cells genetically defective for either the Ku80 protein or the catalytic subunit of DNA protein kinase (DNA PKcs) [ 6].
As mentioned above, to particular control aggregates 25 ng/mL BMP-2, 25 ng/mL BMP-4, or 10 ng/mL TGF-β1 recombinant protein (all R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) was added to induce chondrogenesis.
Based on their ability to induce C+ MN and C- MN, respectively, mutagens have accordingly been divided into aneugens and clastogens [3].
Since either of the components of oxykine, that is, melon-derived SOD or gliadin, does not have the ability to induce Mn-SOD by itself, the oxykine formulation composed of melon-derived SOD and covered with gliadin was thought necessary to induce preventive effects on the inflammation-induced tumour progression.
Unlike the previously reported case of Co/Ni-implanted ZnO (where Co/Ni nanocrystals were observed), Mn implantation has been found to induce an O deficiency in ZnO, which results in the formation of hexagonal Zn nanocrystals when the implantation dose is sufficient.
