The reaction mixture was kept at 250 °C for various times (less than 40 min to avoid the band gap being too small such that the Mn emission is suppressed [42]) before the heating mantle was removed.
On the other hand, for practical applications, it is desirable to control the distribution of Mn and to avoid the formation of Mn-rich secondary phases.
In our measurements, firstly, a 10 × 10-indentation array with each indentation being separated by 100 μm to avoid inter-indent interactions was produced with an indentation load of 100 mN.
Since malignant disease can appear years after diagnosis of MN, early differentiation between idiopathic MN and malignancy-associated MN is crucial to avoid a delay in finding and treating malignancy.
The wounds are closed with 2,0 Vicryl, 3,0 Biosyn (Tyco Health Care, Norwalk, CT) and Steri-strips (3 M Health Care, St Paul, MN), taking care to avoid the risk of post operative haematoma and minimise wound breakdown.
Cells with three or more MN were not included to avoid possible artifacts due to catastrophic cellular events.
An intravenous injection of Mn2+ was not performed to avoid acute Mn toxicity, taking into consideration the rapid Mn release into the circulation.
Nearly intrinsic Ge 001) wafers (n-type with the electron concentration of 1013 to 1014 cm−3) were implanted with 100-keV Mn ions at 673 K to avoid amorphization.
When patients receive injectable drugs, implantation of a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC line) or, preferably, a central venous catheter with a subcutaneous silicon reservoir for injections (e.g. PORT-A-CATH; Smiths Medical, St Paul, MN, USA) should be encouraged to avoid daily intramuscular or intravenous injections through peripheral veins over a period of several months.
Lastly, the binding of EC-178 shows that competitive binding to Mn-GNP can be done to avoid binding of the bacteria to the DU-145 cells and hence, this mechanism can be further developed to prevent/detect recurrent UTI in prostate cancer cells.
