These data demonstrate that the NBM coculture system effectively supports MM cell survival and growth, but the anti-MM effects of clinical agents in this system are highly variable.
23, 24 In vitro studies demonstrated that dexamethasone enhances the anti-MM effects of lenalidomide.
Bortezomib, a first-in-class proteasome inhibitor, exerts anti-MM effects through multiple mechanisms, including apoptosis induction though ER stress.
Here, we have investigated the anti-MM effects of AMO-miR-21 and compared them with those of BB.
As such, optimal use of the anti-MM effects of pomalidomide can be focused towards the appropriate patient population in which CRBN-associated activity can be fully exploited.
Moreover, we examined the in vivo anti-MM effects of CaM antagonists using a murine xenograft model of the human MM cell line.
Even the highest concentration's (100 mM) effects were largely TRPA1 dependent, which is surprising given the many biological actions of formaldehyde (12).
BKT140 has also shown an antitumor effect, increasing apoptosis in human-derived MM, lymphoma, and primary leukemia cells, although further research is required to establish its anti-MM effects [ 128].
The IMiDs have several anti-MM effects, including direct cytotoxicity, inhibition of angiogenesis, and induction of tumor immunity, and provide a remarkable example of translational cancer research in MM.
An intriguing finding of the present work was that URI regulated the anti-MM effects of bortezomib: in fact, inhibition of URI increased bortezomib-induced cytotoxicity in MM cells, whereas the presence of URI dampened bortezomib-induced apoptosis.
In fact, some of the anti-MM effects of lenalidomide and pomalidomide may be due to their ability to overcome this immunosuppression in MM by their inhibition of the proliferation and function of Tregs.
