Comparing hyperplanes of skeletal shape variation between the three studied ontogenetic stages (larvae at settlement, 60 mm SL and maximum SL).
The settlement was 0.016 mm, and the lateral displacement was 0.003 mm.
As a result of the drainage of 4.5 l/s groundwater from the Shaft 4, which was sunk for service at Guzelyali station of Izmir Metro Project, the groundwater level dropped 4 m from the original level, and ground settlement reached 98 mm, while the inner tunnel vertical convergence was 23 mm.
It can be seen that the maximum settlement around the excavation were 33.80 mm, 25.60 mm, 25.90 mm and 25.90 mm, respectively, which were all less than the alarming settlement 35 mm.
The building suffered an important tilting, presenting maximum settlement of 260 mm and a maximum horizontal displacement at the top of the building of 177 mm, which considerably reduced its habitability and security conditions.
Thus, the error pertaining to the temporal corridor at 14.03.2011 in Fig. 8 (zoom), for example, is about 0.6 mm and 0.9 mm (no TER settlement slope, PS settlement slope very steep).
In Fig.11, it can be seen that with the increase of row space from 1200 mm to 2400 mm, the settlement and the maximum lateral displacement of retaining piles slowly increase at first then decrease slightly, and the variation is very small.
With the increase of pile space from 1200 mm to 3600 mm, the settlement and the maximum lateral displacement of retaining piles increase, and the change of pile space has a very obvious influence on the lateral displacement of retaining piles.
In that site, the simulated settlement is 10.34 mm, and it continues to decrease with the increase of distance.
The results demonstrate the determinant effects of soil structure interaction, presence of openings and brittle masonry cracking on the final damage, with crack width up to 6.3 mm for a maximum applied settlement of 10 mm.
