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≥1 mm of ash was displayed instead of ≥10 mm of ash.
Farms were planted in exotic pine forestry in some areas with 1200 mm of ash.
Fig. 11 The majority of building damage in the Tambora eruption scenario occurs in areas receiving ash falls of 200 – 500 mm of ash.
Bariloche received up to 45 mm of ash fall, which equates to approximately 1,500,000 m3 across the urban area.
For example, in New Zealand a main state highway was closed following < 3 mm of ash accumulation from the 2012 Tongariro eruption (Jolly et al. 2014, Leonard et al. 2014), but in Argentina after the 2011 Cordón Caulle eruption, many key roads remained open despite receiving up to 50 mm of ash (Craig et al. 2016a).
The same probabilistic hazard dataset, showing the probability of accumulating ≥10 mm of ash, was used for all maps (except one), so that only changing map design properties, and not changing data, influenced responses.
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Trucks were only operated on roads with thin to moderate ash falls (<50 mm of compacted ash), but the main access road into the Ibáñez valley became covered in heavy ash deposits making traction difficult.
The first deposited 1 mm of volcanic ash over the region from a 0.1 km3 andesitic eruption of Taranaki (Figure 2) and the second deposited 100 mm of volcanic ash from a 4 km3 rhyolite eruption from the Okataina Volcanic Centre (Figure 2).
The city of Esquel (pop. 35,000), located 110 km east of the volcano in Chubut province, Northern Patagonia, received approximately 5 mm of fine ash on the morning of 5 May (Figure 18A).
Using the same ash density assumption, a load of 1 to 10 kg/m2 is equivalent to between 1 mm and 1 cm of ash deposit, and is known to disrupt airport operations, transport, cause damage to crops and in certain cases cause electrical circuits and electronic systems to malfunction (Barsotti et al, 2010; Jenkins et al, 2014; Wilson et al, 2012).
Interview and sampling sites visited by research team are shown as blue dots Table 1 Characteristics of towns in the study area and ash exposure from 2012 PCC-VC eruption Town Population (at 2010 census) Depth of ash fall (mm) Distance from PCC-VC Description Villa la Angostura 11,063 150–170 mm 54 km ESE Located in a temperate zone towards the northern end of Lago Nahuel Huapi.
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