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OA chondrocytes were treated with ionomycin (1 μM, 60 minutes), NaCl (100 mM, 60 minutes) or TGF-β (10 ng/ml, 30 minutes).
The Vmax was 6(± 0.5) mM per minute before washing, then increased slightly to 9(± 1.4) mM per minute after washing with water.
Static and kinetic FFs were measured with a speed of 0.5 mm per minutes for 5 minutes with a testing machine (model 4466, Instron, Canton, Mass).
The tendons were tested to failure with a strain rate of 5 mm per minute (equivalent to approximately 1% strain per second).
The uniform load was applied by universal testing machine (UTM) at a rate of 2.5 mm per minute.
The wires tested were pulled through a set of multiple nonleveled brackets at a speed of 4 mm per minute over a distance of 5 mm.
The rate of displacement in performing load on samples was 1 mm per minute so it can be said that the condition of loading was quasi-static.
The tensile load is gradually applied through the UTM at a strain rate of 1 mm per minute in a displacement controlled manner.
Specimens were stressed in an occlusogingival direction (crosshead speed of 1 mm per minute) as in previous studies [ 1, 13].
A crosshead speed of 5 mm per minute was used and the distance between the supports was 50 mm, as described elsewhere [ 25].
Specimens were stressed in an occlusogingival direction at a crosshead speed of 1 mm per minute, as in previous studies [ 11– 13].
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com