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700 mL of defined minimal medium were inoculated with an amount of pre-culture that resulted in a final OD600 of 0.02.
Short-term adapted and non-adapted TMB3500 cells were inoculated at 3 gdw L−1 cells into 500 mL of defined medium with the IC at pH 3.7 in a 1 L Infors fermentor (InforsHT, Switzerland).
After 15 h, the culture was transferred into 50 mL of defined minimal medium in a 500 mL baffled flask and grown at 30°C with 180 rpm in an orbital shaking incubator.
The two-stage experiments were carried out under sterile conditions in duplicate using 250 mL conical flasks containing 50 mL of defined medium and incubated on a rotary shaker (250 rpm) at 30 °C.
Short-term adapted TMB3500 cells were inoculated at different cell dry weights (gdw L−1) namely 0.5, 1 and 3 gdw L−1 into 25 mL of defined medium with the IC at pH 3.7.
Pre-cultures were grown aerobically until late exponential phase in 25 mL of defined medium with the IC at pH 5.0 from the seed culture, termed as short-term adaptation step being used for subsequent cultivations.
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Subsequently, the inoculum (5%% v/v) was transferred to a 250-mL shake flask containing 100 mL operating volume of defined medium supplemented with glycerol of 30 g/L and yeast extract of 2 g/L.
A common procedure for determining the rate of cell growth is to start with a large volume (50 to 100 mL) of a defined medium containing a small inoculum (1 mL) of cells from a liquid culture that has been grown over the previous night.
The pre-cultures for bioreactor cultivations were prepared by inoculation of 5 mL of a defined minimal medium in a 14 mL culture tube with a single colony and grown at 30°C and 180 rpm in an orbital shaking incubator.
Aerobic cultivations were then conducted in 250 mL baffled shake-flasks containing 25 mL of YNB defined media buffered to pH 6.0 and supplemented with 5 g L−1 d-xylose.
Prior to the aerobic cultivation, yeast pre-cultures were obtained by transferring a loop of cells from the glycerol stocks into 5.0 mL of YNB defined medium (6.7 g L−1 Yeast Nitrogen Base without amino acids (Becton, Dickinson and Company, USA) supplemented with 20 g L−1 d-glucose.
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