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TCV carries a mixture of tumor proteins and is multivalent in terms of tumor antigens (Copier and Dalgleish 2006).
However, the gray zone in between, where there is a mixture of tumor cells, immunological cells, and cell debris, is difficult to identify on macroscopic images.
Tumor tissue represents a mixture of tumor and non-tumor cells, i.e. inflammatory cells, stromal fibroblasts and cells of blood- and lymph vessels [9].
Because the methylation sites represented in the arrays used for this study were biased towards sites known to be methylated in some cancers, this finding may be consequence of the fact that cell lines represent a 'pure' culture of cancerous cells whereas the primary tumors inevitably contained a mixture of tumor cells and other cells.
Following the RNAi incubation period, cells were either treated with cell culture medium alone or with a mixture of Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (Roche) and Cyclohexamide (Sigma) in culture medium to a final concentration of 20 ng/ml and 5µg/ml respectively.
However, they were not designed for the precise delineation of allelic imbalance (only copy-neutral LOH can be detected), nor to take into account the fact that tumor samples may frequently contain DNA that comes from a mixture of tumor and stromal cells.
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The issues involved in this decision include the composition of the antigen, namely whether it is a defined tumor antigen or an unfractioned mixture of tumor-derived antigens; and the form in which the antigen should be presented, whether as a polypeptide or a nucleic acid [66].
Cluster 5 contained only gastric cancers from SA patients, and cluster 6 contained a mixture of tumors of all three groups (Table 2).
Moreover, it is hoped, but not ascertained, that CTCs represent mixtures of tumor cells that reflect the full spectrum of molecular phenotypes and genotypes present in multiple metastases.
Since no microdissection was performed in that study, the gene expression profiles they obtained were from mixtures of tumor epithelium and stroma.
Advances in digital genomics have opened the door for reliably evaluating very rare events in complex mixtures of tumor-derived and wild-type DNA.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com