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Results indicate that a mixture of biotic and abiotic factors mediates recruit abundance, with beach gradient being the most influential, followed by adult and juvenile abundances.
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WRKY33 was upregulated by all three types of biotic stress.
Consumption of biotic natural resources was marginal.
It is very important to find the genes which are regulated unique to each type of biotic stress and also commonly regulated by all types of biotic stresses.
The process of biotic turnover in a closed ecological system (CES) with an external energy flow was analyzed by mathematical modeling of the biotic cycle formation.
(For additional information about diseases of biotic origin, see infection).
As expected WRKYs were mostly induced by all 3 kind of biotic attacks (Supplementary Table 2).
Several indices of biotic integrity (IBIs) have been developed to measure quantitatively the biotic composition and, hence, the integrity.
Genes encoding transcription factors and affected by the different categories of biotic stress.
Olden, J. D. & Poff, N. L. Toward a mechanistic understanding and prediction of biotic homogenization.
This classification is particularly important and useful in the consideration of biotic disease.
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