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This indicates that while the ecological endpoints for the mixture exposures to the ecological receptors had much higher HI values than human exposures, the HI values were more often dominated by the HQ values from a single compound.
Thus, the assessment of mixture exposures to humans is an example of a Tier 0 assessment (Steps 10 and 11) and the assessment of ecological effects is a Tier 1 assessment (Step 13).
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It must be mentioned that extreme care was taken to avoid mixture exposure to the air at high temperature, in order to prevent PUFA oxidation at all stages of sample preparation.
However, because an oxidative metabolism pathway for NP may be relevant in humans and nNP the NP isomer measured in this study—represents a small percentage of the NP used in commercial mixtures, exposure to NP may be underestimated.
Specifically, where are Group IIIB mixture exposures most likely to occur and what are the chemicals that drive such exposures?
Approximately 12% of the mixture exposures were predicted to have toxicities of concern (HI > 1) that would not have been identified unless a combined assessment had been performed (Group III).
In this project, the decision tree was applied to mixture exposures for humans and environmental receptors.
According to the decision tree, Group IIIB mixture exposures should be passed on to a WHO Tier 3 assessment.
Mixture exposures that are found not to pose a concern are assigned to Group II.
Considerable efforts in mixture exposure assessment need to be made to fill these gaps; exposure assessment, and not hazard assessment, currently represents the "bottleneck" for making further progress in this important area.
A synthesis of findings will be organised to provide guidance for future solution-focused environmental monitoring and explore more systematic ways to assess mixture exposures and combination effects in future water quality monitoring.
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