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The phenotypes of the daughters (LEPG) were first precorrected for fixed effects (herd, parity, days in milk) estimated from the complete data set, and then modelled using a mixed model including a random "founder cluster" effect and a random individual animal effect [ 41].
That is, for each environment we fitted a linear mixed model including genotype, flowering time, year, genotype × year interaction, replication, incomplete block and residual effects.
Data were analyzed statistically with a mixed model including the fixed effect of treatment and random effects of block and cow within block.
A linear mixed model including a random-intercept term provided the best fit for the observed data and was used for predictions.
Parameters of the mixed model including fixed effects of age and random effects of genes and environment were estimated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulations using the BUGS algorithm for Gibbs sampling.
To address these aims, we applied a linear mixed model including age as covariate for API, SBI and GI, respectively.
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The linear mixed model included random intercepts for subject, visits, eye, and circular test pattern [10].
The linear mixed model included random intercepts for subject, visits, and circular test pattern [10].
The basic mixed model included source (island or mainland), treatment (control or root-damaged), their interaction as fixed effects, and population nested within source as a random effect.
For each gene set, the mixed model included gene expression levels as the outcome variable, group (patients or healthy controls) as the fixed effects and different batches, patients as the random effects.
The mixed model included the experiment and the marker orientation as random effects.
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