Originally fishing villages, with the rapid expansion of Karachi, these areas have acquired a periurban character, with multiple ethnic groups and mixed livelihoods, including fishing, cattle farming for diary production, and small retail businesses serving the local population.
It is therefore common in Ywalateke location (43.4 %), which is a mixed farming livelihood zone (Fig. 2) which can support rain-fed agriculture.
In Ywalateke, the stable climate and higher rainfall in the mixed farming livelihood zone (Fig. 2) enables individuals to engage in intensive livestock- and crop-based regimes; hence, it is only practised by 30%% of Ywalateke residents.
The study area Lare woreda is found in the Gambella agro-pastoral (GAG) and Gambella mixed agriculture (GMA) livelihood zone which is located in the western part of the country (MoARD 2010).
The yields do however nowhere sustain Agta families throughout the year and farming remains just one component of the Agta's mixed and flexible livelihood package.
Mixed farming is the major livelihood of the people and the livestock owned mainly includes cattle, sheep, goat, equine and poultry.
On the other hand agro-ecological zones LM4 and LM5 are mixed farming and rain-fed cropping livelihood zones, respectively.
The study county is divided into three livelihood zones, namely, pastoral, agro-pastoral (mixed farming), and marginal mixed farming.
Second, it describes the underpinnings of a mixed subsistence pastoral regime in terms of livelihood practices, spatial mobility and residential modality.
Several studies analyzed whether such standards deliver on their promise to improve the livelihoods of poor farmers, with mixed results.
