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Graphene sheets were prepared by a synthesis method in which aluminum sulfide (Al2S3) was calcined under a mixed gas flow of carbon monoxide (CO) and argon.
The surface nitrocarburizing of a Ti-6Al-4 V alloy was performed by YAG laser irradiation in a nitrogen and argon mixed gas flow.
Samples were plasma-carburized using DC plasma apparatus under 667 Pa of mixed gas flow of 5%CH4+45%45% H2 + 50% Ar at 673 K or 723 K for various durations.
The result showed that the optimum conditions are: 6 A/dm2 of electrodeposition current density, 30 s of electrodeposition time, 800 °C of growth temperature, 30 min of growth time, 100 sccm of mixed gas flow rate, 1 2 of O2/CH4 ratio, 300 sccm of N2 gas, and 55 °C of water.
The variables for the ZnO growth contained current density and time for electrodeposition of Ni layer, growth temperature, growth time, mixed gas flow rate, gas ratio of O2/CH4, flow rate of N2 gas for carrying H2O vapor, and temperature of water for producing H2O vapor.
When treated in a mixed gas flow of 70 vol% N2 and 30 vol% Ar, the optimal conditions were obtained with an average nano-indentation hardness of 41.6 GPa and a wear volume loss of approximately 22 times less than that of the non-treated substrate.
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Two gas sources, pure nitrogen and calibrated mixture of 0.1% hydrogen in nitrogen, were mixed using gas flow meters and controllers (Bronkhorst High-Tech, Ruurlo, Netherlands) to mix flows of defined hydrogen-nitrogen mixtures.
One end of the quartz tube was connected with a mass-flow controller, which introduces a constant mixed carrier gas flow of Ar and O2at a flow rate of 100 and 10 sccm, respectively; the other end of the quartz tube was evacuated by a pump.
The temperature was raised to 900°C under a mixed Ar/H2 (200 sccm/400 sccm) gas flow for 15 min.
The mixed gas with a flowing velocity of 200 continuouslyinuously passed through the reactor.
Porous carbon cathode (PCF) was fabricated by thermal treatment at high temperature under a nitrogen gas flow mixed with 1% of oxygen.
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