The change of mixed forest was among the greatest one, decreasing sharply from 24.0% to 21.6% of the entire landscape, which converted predominantly into coniferous forest from 2007 to 2012.
Regarding landscape locations, we found that understory structural and compositional patterns between pure and mixed forest are maintained in coast and mountain, except in richness, lichen and bryophytes cover, where we found interactions (Fig. 2).
Soil samples of a pine forest, an oak forest, and a pine and oak mixed forest were incubated for 387 days under conditions with six temperature settings (5 °C, 10 °C, 15 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C) and three levels of soil moisture content (SMC, 30%, 60 %, 90).
However, the differences in soil characteristics between the G. dewevrei-dominated forest and its adjacent mixed forest are still poorly understood.
The country statistics of the broad leafed and needle trees shares are taken from [33] where the group mixed forests is added to the coniferous and broad leaved group where 25% 75% % of the mixed forest area is added to broad leaved or coniferous choosing the share to have low shifts of the starting assumptions.
The connection between deciduous and mixed forests is given by the presence and abundance of herbaceous species (e.g., Dysopsis glechomoides, Gavilea lutea, Viola magellanica) that naturally grown under closed canopies but benefiting from small-scale disturbances at canopy level.
The country statistics of the broad leafed and needle trees shares are taken from [ 33] where the group mixed forests is added to the coniferous and broad leaved group where 25% 75% % of the mixed forest area is added to broad leaved or coniferous choosing the share to have low shifts of the starting assumptions.
In recent studies, mixed forests were found to be more productive than monocultures with everything else remaining the same.
Mixed forests are thought to provide a wide range of ecosystem services for human well-being and their effectiveness, compared to monocultures, is broadly recognized in the literature.
