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Thus, organisms with mixed breeding systems such as cyclic parthenogens (cladocerans, rotifers, aphids etc).
Mixed breeding systems with extended clonal phases and weak sexual recruitment are widespread in nature but often thought to impede the formation of discrete evolutionary clusters.
Our study and the recent evidence from other systems challenge the proposals that organisms with mixed breeding systems suffer a reduced speciation potential.
Finally, experimental results indicate that animals with mixed breeding systems suffer a reduced rate of adaptation compared to those with obligate outcrossing [7].
In these mixed breeding systems recombination might be sufficient to prevent clonal selective sweeps but insufficient to homogenize populations by gene flow [2], [6].
Mixed breeding systems might also promote the formation (sexual phase) and stabilization (clonal phase) of hybrid products, further blurring the boundaries of evolutionary clusters.
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In breeding farms the incidence was 1.7% (20 farms), in mixed breeding-finishing farms 2.4% (n = 17) and in finishing farms 3.4% (n = 70).
Statistically significant risk factors for the reinfection were 'finishing farm', 'large mixed breeding-finishing farm', 'reinfected neighbour' and 'parking site for pig transport vehicles close to the farm'.
Comparing the incidence rates for breeding-only and mixed breeding-finishing farms in general, the study did not show any significant differences.
However, the results do indicate a significantly higher risk for mixed breeding-finishing farms with at least 100 growing-finishing pigs compared to breeding-only farms.
Mixed breeding-finishing farms with a maximum of 99 growing-finishing pigs did not show any difference to breeding-only farms.
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