Low levels of genetic diversity and mixing of genotypes have led to minimal geographic structuring of castor bean populations worldwide.
The effect of this temporal mixing of genotypes would be to retard the realized rate of evolution [ 51].
Only two populations, from Hendry and Putnam counties, had all samples in the same cluster, indicating widespread introduction and mixing of genotypes in most of the state.
If the causal parasite is unknown or resistance is assessed using a mix of parasite genotypes, then mechanisms unrelated to resistance could be contributing to variation in infectious disease.
Norovirus GII is predominantly responsible for acute diarrhea worldwide, as described in most studies [ 10, 24], and our findings (10.41% GI, 85.16% GII, 4.43% mix of both genotypes) were consistent with them.
One aspect of working with populations that contain a mix of diverse genotypes is that they are often difficult to partition into well-defined groups, even with computationally rigorous programs such as S tructure (i.e., Bayesian-based approach) [ 24, 25].
Such data can be used to estimate the mixing ability of genotypes and increase the efficiency of mixture selection (Knott and Mundt, 1990).
Briefly, the assays were performed in a total reaction volume of 5 μl containing 2.5 μl of 2× TaqMan® Universal Master Mix (Roche Molecular Systems Inc ,Branchburg, NJ, USA), 0.25 μl of 20× working mix of SNP genotyping assay and 12 ng genomic DNA.
Different isolates showed mixing of two genotypes and the ratio of the two genotypes varied from 5 to 15%.
For example, Biernaskie (2011) found that differences in yield among mixes of identical genotypes of Ipomea hederacea was greater than that of mixed genotypes, suggesting that productivity might be higher for related individuals.
