Such LD can come from three sources: (i) close physical linkage between marker and QTL; (ii) family structure in the population, creating both short range (within chromosome) and long range (across chromosomes) LD; (iii) population structure due to mixing breeding material of different origin.
The authors found that the 'several-small with periodic mixing' captive breeding population option was more advantageous than the 'single-large with no mixing' option.
Their belugas have shorter lives than wild relatives, and the facilities have had mixed results breeding them in captivity.
Indeed, the population components might experience differential postsettlement selection, likely influenced by environmental factors, but still exhibit a relatively high level of gene flow as a consequence of larval dispersal or mixing on breeding sites, or both.
Qualitatively similar patterns of male and female responses within and between treatment groups suggest that exposure to BPA is associated with an increased propensity for males and females to approach and interact with heterospecific individuals in mixed-species breeding aggregations.
and showed that neither genetic distances among host populations nor their spatial distribution explained the patterns of genetic variability observed in the fleas, likely due to a local adaptation to the sympatric host species or to a parasitic exchange during mixing among breeding populations of the hosts.
At the risk of mix-breeding metaphors, the movie racehorse is usually an underdog, one whose victories transcend the winner's circle.
In fact breeders use information and make crosses and selection, also marker-assisted, within barley, within rice and within wheats, without ever mixing these three breeding processes.
(The other breeds in the Mediterranean, where fishing is out of control. Individuals from both breeding stocks mix during migrations throughout the Atlantic).
All breeding — whether mixing varieties of apples or crossing types of orchids — modifies genomes.
Thus, provided that no inadvertent stock mix-ups occurred during breeding, the intraline diversity in Dan06 must be due to heterozygosity present in the progenitor.
