Sentence examples for mitochondrial genome during from inspiring English sources
In addition, evidence has accumulated demonstrating that nuclear genes were acquired from the mitochondrial genome during the course of evolution.
These analyses strongly suggest that the mitochondrial mutation signature observed in cancer cells closely reflects the mutation signature active in the germline, which has continuously shaped the mitochondrial genome during human evolution.
Comparative analysis of the mtDNA of several angiosperms including Ks3, Km3, rice, maize, Arabidopsis thaliana, and rapeseed, indicates that non-coding sequences are the most frequently reorganized part of the mitochondrial genome during mtDNA evolution in higher plants.
The few genes that were lost from the mitochondrial genome during charophycean evolution code mainly for tRNAs (trn genes), ribosomal proteins (rps and rpl), and subunits involved in cytochrome c biogenesis (yej, also designated as ccm) (fig. 2).
Our finding of unusual free-standing genes in the genomes newly described here reinforces the notion that horizontal transfer of foreign sequences played a role in shaping the mitochondrial genome during the evolution of charophyceans.
Alternatively, the plasmid may have possessed a similar structure to its current form, with a telomeric repeat sequence that was transferred to the Oxytricha mitochondrial genome during an integration event.
On the other hands, 8-oxoG is accumulated both in nuclear and mitochondrial genomes during aging [54], and dramatic increase in 8-oxoG accumulation was reported in patients with tumors [55] and other kinds of neurodegenerative disease such as PD [56], Alzheimer's disease [57] and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [58].
The penetrance of inherited mitochondrial disease is determined stochastically by both the random assortment of mutated vs wild-type mitochondrial genomes during meiosis and random drift during the early cell divisions after fertilization.
Our findings also revealed the loss of large mitochondrial DNA regions in the absence of MHR1, suggesting a pivotal role for Mhr1 in mitochondrial genome maintenance during mating.
The novel diagnostic mutational motifs defined here, which distinguish wild and domestic haplogroups, could be used to understand phylogenetic relationships among modern breeds and ancient remains and to evaluate whether selection differentially affected mitochondrial genome variants during the development of economically important breeds.
It is possible that genes necessary for these mitochondrial processes were transferred to the dinoflagellate nuclear genome during mitochondrial genome reduction.
